Ihe ndị ọzọ · Ndepụta ịgụ · 8 min

Akwụkwọ Roulette: Ndepụta Ịgụ

Akwụkwọ na edemede roulette niile saịtị a dabere na ha, iri abụọ na abụọ n’ọnụ ọgụgụ, site n’edemede 1657 banyere ihe a tụrụ anya ruo n’akwụkwọ ọmụmụ 2025, ya na otu ahịrịokwu banyere ihe mere nke ọ bụla ji dị mkpa.

Azịza dị mkpirikpi

Mgbakọ na mwepụ (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, na akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ọhụrụ nke Bollman, Taylor na Hunacek), akụkọ ihe mere eme (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), physics (Bass, Small & Tse) na otu akwụkwọ akụkọ ka ha niile mma (Dostoevsky). Ihe niile dị na saịtị a dabere n’elu shelf a.

nke kacha ochie
Huygens, 1657
nke kacha ọhụrụ
Hunacek, 2025
otu akwụkwọ kacha mma
Ethier, 2010
akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma
The Gambler, 1866

Mgbakọ na mwepụ

ọrụafọihe mere ị ga-agụ ya
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657nkọwa mbụ e biri ebi banyere ihe a tụrụ anya; ebe EV si bịa
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713iwu ọnụọgụ buru ibu, nke usoro nzọ na-aghọtahie
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939ihe akaebe izugbe mbụ na ọ dịghị usoro nzọ na-agbanwe nsonaazụ a tụrụ anya
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968ọdịda onye ịgba nzọ, random walk, usoro na-esochi ibe ha; akwụkwọ ntụaka a na-eji
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969mgbe usoro nzọ nwere ike inye aka (naanị n’egwuregwu kwadoro onye na-egwu) na ọnọdụ ndị dị n’azụ nsonaazụ na-enweghị usoro na-arụ ọrụ
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984kọmputa roulette nke onye mepụtara ya kọrọ, ya na mgbakọ banyere ego ole a ga-agba nzọ mgbe e nwere uru
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (mbipụta nke 2)nyocha egwuregwu kasino ọ bụla; roulette n’ọnọdụ ya
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010nkọwa mgbakọ na mwepụ zuru oke banyere roulette karịa nke ọ bụla e biri ebi
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021nzọ mgbakwunye, wiil ndị pụrụ iche na roulette kaadị, a gbakọrọ ọnụ ahịa ha otu otu, ya na mmega ahụ
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (mbipụta nke 2)usoro na-esochi ibe ha, nzọ Kelly na ọdịda onye ịgba nzọ, a rụrụ dị ka kọọsụ
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (mbipụta nke 2)nkwalite kasino na nkwụghachi, na otu bọọdụ nsonaazụ si akwụ kasino ụgwọ ya ngwa ngwa
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025kọọsụ mbụ dị nro; nyochaa nkwupụta ya na nzọ ọ bụla nwere otu uru a tụrụ anya, nke nzọ nọmba ise na-emebi

Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme

ọrụafọihe mere ị ga-agụ ya
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801nkọwa zuru ezu mbụ banyere egwuregwu ahụ, n’ime akwụkwọ akụkọ
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1983akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji wiil nwere ntụgharị ọjọọ egwu: Jagger, ndị bu ụzọ Pelayo, ụzọ ha si eme ya
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006akụkọ ihe mere eme izugbe nke ịgba nzọ; ọnọdụ roulette n’ime ya
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005omenala ịgba nzọ French; Palais-Royal na obodo spa
Marcus, American Roulette2003past-posting nke onye ama ama kacha eme ya kọwara site n’ime
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh na Nice, Marcus na Ritz, a kọghachiri ọzọ; ọ na-adọrọ mmasị, mana o nwere ọtụtụ eziokwu ọ kọhiere (lee Aghụghọ na Roulette)

Physics na egwuregwu uru

ọrụafọihe mere ị ga-agụ ya
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985akụkọ kọmputa dị n’akpụkpọ ụkwụ; akwụkwọ kacha mma ndị mmadụ na-agụ banyere physics roulette
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012physics nke ịkọ nsonaazụ, a tụrụ atụ; ihe uru chọrọ
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900nnwale chi-square, e gosiri ya na ntụgharị roulette

Physics nke Wiil Roulette

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). E dere ya n’ime ụbọchị 26 iji mezuo oge njedebe nkwekọrịta onye mbipụta, site n’aka onye edemede nọ n’ime nnukwu ụgwọ n’ihi roulette; njehie onye ịgba nzọ, usoro nzọ, mmanye ahụ na kasino obodo spa, site n’ime. Ọ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa akwụkwọ roulette ọ bụla dị n’elu, ọ bụkwa eziokwu karịa ọtụtụ n’ime ha.

Bad Homburg na Kasino SpaRoulettenburg nke Dostoevsky

Akwụkwọ roulette kacha mma maka ebumnobi ọ bụla

Maka mgbakọ, Ethier wee Feller. Maka akụkọ, Barnhart na Bass. Maka ihe mere ndị mmadụ ji egwu ya n’agbanyeghị, Dostoevsky. Maka ihe akaebe na-akwụsị arụmụka usoro ọ bụla, Halmos, na maka otu nsonaazụ ahụ n’okwu dị mfe, akwụkwọ Thorp nke 1984. Maka mmega ahụ, Taylor ma ọ bụ Bollman. Igbe Isi Mmalite dị n’isiokwu ọ bụla na saịtị a na-ehota site na shelf a.

Ajụjụ

Enwere akwụkwọ atụmatụ roulette dị mma?

Ọ dịghị nke na-ere usoro. Akwụkwọ Thorp nke 1984 nwere obere isi banyere ihe mere ha ji ada; Epstein na Ethier na-akọwa ọdịdị nke ọ bụla.

Ebee ka m nwere ike ịgụ Pearson ma ọ bụ Huygens?

Ha abụọ enweghịzi ikike nwebiisinka, ha dịkwa n’ịntanetị. Pearson siri ike ịgụ; Huygens dị mkpụmkpụ, ọ dịkwa mfe ịgụ n’ụzọ dị ịtụnanya na ntụgharị asụsụ.

Ihe ọchị

Ihe niile dị na saịtị a bụ ihe ndetu n’okpuru shelf a.

Ihe niile dị na saịtị a bụ ihe ndetu n’okpuru shelf a.

Isi Mmalite

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Isi 13, roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, mbipụta nke 3, 1968. Ọdịda onye ịgba nzọ, isi XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Isi 2, roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
Banyere AnyịIsi MmaliteAkụkọ na OmenalaRoulette n’Akwụkwọ EdemedeAkụkọ na OmenalaAkụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Usoro RouletteAkụkọ na OmenalaThe Eudaemons
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