Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Roulette
Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke roulette gafere nnwale physics dara ada, ụlọ egwuregwu dị na Paris, ụmụnne nwoke abụọ n’obodo spa dị na Germany, na kasino mere ka otu oghere akwụkwọ ndụ bụrụ ọkọlọtọ Europe.
Tupu wiil ahụ
- 1654
Pascal na Fermat: nsogbu nke points; uru a tụrụ anya.
Uru A Tụrụ Anya na Roulette - 1655Wiil na-enweghị ebumnuche
Blaise Pascal, mgbe ọ na-achọ igwe na-agagharị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, wuru wiil na-atụgharị nke e dozichara nke ọma. Igwe ahụ dara ada; wiil ahụ fọdụrụ dịka ngwa na-enweghị ihe na-egbochi ya, nke yiri ka ọ na-enye nsonaazụ na-enweghị usoro.
Blaise Pascal: Akụkọ Ifo nke Wiil Roulette - 1657
Huygens bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ banyere atụmanya.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: iwu ọnụọgụ buru ibu.
Mmekọrịta n’Ogologo Oge: Iwu Ọnụọgụ Buru Ibu na Roulette - 1740sRoly-poly na E.O.
Ụlọ egwuregwu ndị England na-atụgharị wiil nwere oghere even na odd. A na-amachibido egwuregwu ndị ahụ ugboro ugboro, nke na-ebuga ụdị ha dị iche iche na Continent.
Onye Chepụtara Roulette? Mmalite Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert bipụtara njehie e mesịrị jiri aha ya kpọọ usoro.
Atụmatụ Roulette D'Alembert - 1758
New France (Quebec) machibidoro dice, hoca, faro na “roulette”: otu n’ime ndekọ mbụ nke aha ahụ maka egwuregwu ịgba nzọ.
- Afọ 1760
“Martingale” banyere n’akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu French dị ka okwu slang nke ịgba nzọ.
Atụmatụ Roulette Martingale
Egwuregwu ahụ
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Jaques Lablée bụ La Roulette kọwara wiil nwere oghere ụlọ abụọ, 0 na 00, n’ụlọ egwuregwu dị na Palais-Royal. Nke a bụ nkọwa zuru ezu mbụ nke egwuregwu nke oge a.
Roulette n’Akwụkwọ Edemede - Afọ 1800
Wiil America tinyere oghere ugo: nọmba ụlọ atọ.
Wiil na Iwu Roulette America - 1837
France machibidoro kasino; egwuregwu kwagara n’obodo spa nke Germany.
- 1841
Ụmụnne Blanc nwetara ikike Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François na Louis Blanc meghere kasino n’obodo spa dị na Germany ma wepụ efu abụọ. Wiil otu efu na-eme ka uru ụlọ bụrụ ọkara ma na-adọta ndị egwuregwu site n’ebe ezumike ndị ọzọ.
Bad Homburg na Kasino Spa - 1863Monte Carlo
Mgbe a machibidoro ịgba nzọ na Germany niile, Blanc weghaara kasino na-adọga adọga na Monaco. Monte Carlo ghọrọ ntụaka maka roulette Europe; otu efu bụ ọkọlọtọ ya.
Roulette Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg nke Dostoevsky - 1868
Ụzọ ụgbọ oloko site na Nice ruo Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco kagburu ụtụ isi ego mbata.
- 1872
Prussia mechiri kasino Germany.
Ndị egwuregwu na nnwale
- Afọ 1870
Labouchère mere ka usoro nkagbu a mara ama na London.
Atụmatụ Roulette Labouchère - c. 1880Wiil Jagger
Joseph Jagger, onye ọchụnta ego akwa si Yorkshire, mere ka e dekọọ wiil ndị dị na Monte Carlo ma gbaa nzọ na nọmba ndị na-apụta ugboro ugboro karịa. O meriri ọtụtụ ego; kasino ahụ kwagharịrị wiil ya, mesịa dochie ha.
Joseph Jagger: Atụmatụ Roulette na Monte Carlo - 1891Nwoke ahụ mebiri ego ụlọ
Charles Wells mere ka chip gwụ na tebụl ọtụtụ ugboro n’ụbọchị ole na ole, nke kpaliri abụ music-hall ahụ. Nnyocha ahụghị usoro ọ bụla, naanị chi na, emesịa, aghụghọ n’ebe ọzọ.
Nwoke Ahụ Mebiri Ego Ụlọ - 1900
Pearson bipụtara nnwale chi-square na data ntụgharị Monte Carlo.
Nnwale Chi-Square - 1907
France kwere kasino ọzọ n’obodo spa na n’obodo dị n’akụkụ oké osimiri.
- 1913
Oji 26 n’usoro na Monte Carlo.
Njehie Onye Ịgba Nzọ - 1931
Nevada kwere ịgba nzọ kasino n’iwu.
Wiil Roulette nke Las Vegas - Afọ 1940
Ulam na von Neumann gụrụ usoro Monte Carlo aha.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond gbara nzọ na dozen abụọ na roulette.
Atụmatụ Roulette James Bond - 1961
Thorp na Shannon wuru kọmputa roulette mbụ a na-eyi n’ahụ.
Kọmputa Roulette - 1965
Dubins na Savage gosiri na egwuregwu nkwụsi ike (bold play) kacha mma n’egwuregwu na-adịghị ziri ezi.
- 1969
Nyocha Thorp kọwara ihe kpatara na ọ dịghị usoro nzọ na-emeri egwuregwu nwere atụmanya na-adịghị mma.
Akụkọ Ifo: Atụmatụ Roulette Na-emeri Mgbe Niile - 1977–81
Kọmputa zoro ezo nke The Eudaemons na Nevada: n’okpuru ogwe aka na 1978, n’ime akpụkpọ ụkwụ na 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada mere ngwaọrụ amụma ka ọ bụrụ mpụ. Bass bipụtara The Eudaemonic Pie.
Aghụghọ na Roulette
Egwuregwu nke oge a
- Narị afọ 20Site n’obodo spa ruo na ihuenyo
Roulette gara Las Vegas na efu abụọ e weghachiri, mesịa gaa na tebụl RNG n’ịntanetị n’afọ 1990s, na wiil studio a na-agbasa ozugbo n’afọ 2000s.
Roulette Europe na Roulette America - Afọ 1990
Ezinụlọ García-Pelayo jiri wiil nwere mmasị dị nso na Madrid; a machibidoro ha; ụlọ ikpe kagburu mmachibido ahụ (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Usoro Roulette - 1996
Kasino mbụ n’ịntanetị nwere roulette RNG.
Roulette Ozugbo na Roulette RNG - 2003–06
Roulette ozugbo nwere onye na-agba wiil e si na studio gbasaa; Riga na Malta ghọrọ ebe etiti.
Otu Roulette Ozugbo Si Arụ Ọrụ - 2004
Otu ndị Ritz meriri £1.3m site n’ịkọ amụma bọọlụ; a chọtaghị laser a kọrọ na ha ji; e boghị ha ebubo.
Egwuregwu Uru na Roulette - 2005
UK Gambling Act: ikike zuru ezu maka ịgba nzọ n’ịntanetị.
Roulette na UK - 2012
Small na Tse bipụtara physics nke amụma roulette.
Physics nke Wiil Roulette - 2013
New Jersey malitere kasino n’ịntanetị a na-achịkwa.
Roulette na USA - 2016
Roulette efu atọ na Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette Efu Atọ - 2018
A kagburu mmachibido gọọmentị etiti US maka nzọ egwuregwu; steeti na-eme iwu.
- 2021
Germany na Netherlands nyere ikike maka egwuregwu kasino n’ịntanetị.
Roulette na Europe - 2026
Saịtị a: ụbọchị ọ bụla dị n’elu, ya na mgbakọ ya.
Otu ahịrị dị mkpa
N’ime narị afọ abụọ na ọkara, odds nke roulette gbanwere otu ugboro kwado onye egwuregwu (1843, e wepụrụ otu efu) na ugboro abụọ megide ya (ugo n’afọ 1800, efu atọ na 2016). Ihe ndị ọzọ niile, usoro, kọmputa, studio, ọkụ, hapụrụ mgbakọ ahụ ebe Lablée hụrụ ya: 36/n − 1 megide wiil nwere otu oghere karịa nke ahụ.
Ajụjụ
Nke Pascal. Nnwale wiil ya bụ eziokwu; njikọ ya na roulette bụ ọdịnala.
N’ime narị afọ nke 19; usoro Europe a na-eji taa abụrụlarị ọkọlọtọ n’oge Monte Carlo.
Ikekwe nke metụtara iwu. Wiil ahụ agwụla.
Ihe ọchị
Narị afọ abụọ na ọkara, otu mmelite, nlaghachi azụ abụọ, ọtụtụ akụkọ.
Isi Mmalite
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.