Nsogbu: Dozen Abụọ na Otu Chip

Nsogbu ahụ

Ị na-etinye $10 na dozennzọDozen1–12, 13–24 ma ọ bụ 25–36, na-akwụ 2:1.Gụọ ya niile → mbụ, $10 na dozen nke abụọ na $1 na efuwiilEfuOtu oghere akwụkwọ ndụ nke nzọ ego hara nhata, dozen ma ọ bụ column ọ bụla na-ekpuchighị; isi mmalite uru ụlọ. A na-akpọkwa ya: single zero, 0.Gụọ ya niile →. (a) Gịnị bụ nsonaazụ ndị nwere ike ime na ohere ha? (b) Gịnị bụ uru a tụrụ anyamgbakọUru a tụrụ anyaNkezi nsonaazụ kwa nzọ n’ogologo oge. −1/37 nke ego nzọ maka nzọ Europe ọkọlọtọ ọ bụla.Gụọ ya niile →? (c) ChipegoChipIhe nnọchi anya ego a kara aka, a na-etinye na mbadamba nzọ iji gbaa nzọ. A na-akpọkwa ya: check.Gụọ ya niile → efu ahụ ọ̀ na-eme ka nzọ ahụ ka mma?

Azịza (a) na (b)

Nsonaazụ: bọọlụngwa ọrụBọọlụObere bọọlụ a na-atụba n’ụzọ ahụ megidere rotor. Bọọlụ ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ ivorine ma ọ bụ Teflon, 18–21 mm.Gụọ ya niile → na 1–24 (ogherengwa ọrụOghereOtu n’ime ebe 37 nwere nọmba dị na rotor. A na-akpọkwa ya: slot, cup.Gụọ ya niile → 24): otu dozen na-akwụ $20, nke ọzọ na-atụfu $10, efu na-atụfu $1: n’ozuzu +$9. Bọọlụ na 25–36 (oghere 12): dozen abụọ ahụ na-atụfu, efu na-atụfu: −$21. Bọọlụ na efu (oghere 1): dozen na-atụfu $20, efu na-akwụ $35: +$15. EV = (24 × 9 + 1 × 15 − 12 × 21)/37 = (216 + 15 − 252)/37 = −21/37 ≈ −$0.57 kwa ntụgharị na $21 e tinyere: 2.70%.

Azịza (c)

N’enweghị chip efu: (24 × 10 − 13 × 20)/37 = (240 − 260)/37 = −20/37 ≈ −$0.54 na $20 e tinyere, ya bụkwa 2.70%. Chip efu ahụ agbanweela nsonaazụ efu −$20 ka ọ bụrụ +$15 (mmezi nke $35 otu ugboro n’ime 37, bara $0.95 kwa ntụgharị) ma efuo $1 na ntụgharị 36 ndị ọzọ (bara $0.97 kwa ntụgharị). Mgbanwe n’ozuzu: −$0.03 kwa ntụgharị, nke bụ 2.70% nke dọla ahụ e tinyere n’elu. A na-ahazi ọnụ ahịa mkpuchi ahụ kpọmkwem dịka ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ihe mere nke a ji emetụta ihe niile

Uru a tụrụ anya na-agbakọta. Otu nzọ ọ bụla a gbara n’otu oge nwere EV hara nhata nchikota EV nke akụkụ ya, nke ọ bụla n’ime ha bụ −1/37 nke ego nzọ ya. Ya mere njikọ ọ bụla bụ −1/37 nke ngụkọta ego nzọ. Ọ dịghị nhazi chip na mbadamba nzọngwa ọrụMbadamba nzọGrid ịgba nzọ e bipụtara na tebụl. A na-akpọkwa ya: tebụl, felt, ákwà.Gụọ ya niile →, n’agbanyeghị ole ha dị, nke na-agbanahụ nke a; ngwá ọrụ Onye Nrụpụta Nzọ ga-egosi ya maka otu ọ bụla ị nwere ike itinye. Ihe njikọ na-agbanwe bụ nkesa: ugboro ole ị na-emeri, ego ole, na otu ọnọdụ kacha njọ si dị njọ.

Ajụjụ na-esote siri ike karịa

Chọta njikọ nke nzọ ndị a na-agbakarị nke na-ekpuchi nọmba 37 niile. Dozen atọ ($10 nke ọ bụla) gbakwunye $1 na efu: nọmba ọ bụla n’ime 1–36 na-enye n’ozuzu −$1 (otu dozen na-akwụ $20, abụọ ndị ọzọ na-atụfu $20, efu na-atụfu $1), efu na-enyekwa n’ozuzu +$35 − $30 = +$5. EV = (36 × (−1) + 5)/37 = −31/37 na $31 e tinyere: 2.70%. Ị nwere ike ijide n’aka na ihe ọ bụla agaghị eju gị anya, ma ị ka na-akwụ otu ọnụ ahịa ahụ maka ihe ùgwù ahụ.

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