Onye Chepụtara Roulette? Mmalite Roulette
Ọtụtụ wiil, otu aha, obodo mechara dee ya ede.
Ọ dịghị onye e dere aha ya dị ka onye chepụtara roulette. Egwuregwu ahụ dị ka anyị maara ya pụtara na Paris na njedebe narị afọ nke 18, na-ejikọ wiil na-atụgharị si n’egwuregwu ndị bu ụzọ na mbadamba nzọ e si n’egwuregwu tebụl Italy na England were.
Ndị nna nna
Egwuregwu atọ ochie nyere akụkụ ndị ahụ. Wiil E.O. (“even-odd”) nke England n’afọ 1740 nwere wiil na-atụgharị nwere ogherengwa ọrụOghereOtu n’ime ebe 37 nwere nọmba dị na rotor. A na-akpọkwa ya: slot, cup.Gụọ ya niile → iri anọ e dere E ma ọ bụ O na bọọlụngwa ọrụBọọlụObere bọọlụ a na-atụba n’ụzọ ahụ megidere rotor. Bọọlụ ọgbara ọhụrụ bụ ivorine ma ọ bụ Teflon, 18–21 mm.Gụọ ya niile → a tụbara megide ya; a machibidoro ha na 1745, ma a gakwara n’ihu na-egwu ha. Roly-poly, egwuregwu England bu ụzọ, yiri ya. Egwuregwu lọtrị Italy biribi, nke a na-ekwu na ọ malitere na Genoa gburugburu 1750 ma a maara ya na France dị ka cavagnole, ji mbadamba nwere nọmba 70 ndị egwuregwu na-agba nzọ na ya, na akpa a na-esi na ya wepụta otu nọmba; nọmba meriri na-akwụghachi ugboro 64 nke ego nzọ, ego nzọ gụnyere (63 ruo 1), ya mere onye ụlọ akụ na-edebe 6 n’ime unitegoUnitEgo nzọ ntọala nke otu usoro ma ọ bụ onye egwuregwu na-eji arụ ọrụ. A na-akọwa usoro mmụba nzọ na unit ka ha metụta tebụl ọ bụla.Gụọ ya niile → 70 ọ bụla e tinyere, uru nke 8.57%. Casanova, onye gwuru ya n’afọ 1760, kpọrọ ya egwuregwu ndị aghụghọ, France machibidokwara ya na 1837. O nyere echiche nke mbadamba nzọngwa ọrụMbadamba nzọGrid ịgba nzọ e bipụtara na tebụl. A na-akpọkwa ya: tebụl, felt, ákwà.Gụọ ya niile → nọmba nwere ụgwọegoỤgwọIhe nzọ meriri na-eweghachi, a na-ekwu ya dị ka “X ruo 1” na mgbakwunye ego nzọ e weghachiri.Gụọ ya niile → odds dị ogologo. Hoca, nke a na-egwu n’obí eze France n’afọ 1600, nwere nọmba iri atọ na uru ụlọmgbakọUru ụlọÒkè nke ego nzọ ọ bụla kasino na-edebe na nkezi: 2.70% na roulette Europe.Gụọ ya niile → e wuru n’elu oghere a debere maka ụlọ. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n’ime ha bụ roulette; ọnụ, ha bụ ndị mụrụ ya.
Hoca n’obí eze France: nọmba iri atọ, oghere ụlọ. Louis XIV machibidoro ya, a gwụkwara ya n’agbanyeghị.
Biribi na Italy na France: mbadamba nwere nọmba, nọmba e si n’akpa wepụta, odds dị ogologo.
Wiil E.O. n’ụlọ egwuregwu England: wiil na-atụgharị, bọọlụ, even ma ọ bụ odd. A machibidoro ya na 1745.
Paris jikọrọ wiil na mbadamba nzọ nwere nọmba. Ma 0 ma 00 bụ oghere ụlọ.
Egwuregwu Palais-Royal nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Lablée (1801) kọwara n’ụzọ doro anya.
Ebee ka e chepụtara roulette? Paris, ka ọ na-erule 1796
Akwụkwọ akụkọ La Roulette, ou le Jour nke Jaques Lablée, e bipụtara na 1801, kọwara wiil dị na Palais-Royal na 1796 nwere nọmba 1 ruo 36, otu efuwiilEfuOtu oghere akwụkwọ ndụ nke nzọ ego hara nhata, dozen ma ọ bụ column ọ bụla na-ekpuchighị; isi mmalite uru ụlọ. A na-akpọkwa ya: single zero, 0.Gụọ ya niile → uhienzọUhieNzọ ego hara nhata na nọmba uhie 18. French: rouge.Gụọ ya niile → na otu efu abụọụdịEfu abụọOghere 00 nke wiil America. Ọnụnọ ya na-ebuli uru ụlọ site na 2.70% ruo 5.26%.Gụọ ya niile → ojinzọOjiNzọ ego hara nhata na nọmba oji 18. French: noir.Gụọ ya niile → e debere maka ụlọ, na mbadamba nzọ nwere nzọ ime na nzọ mpụganzọNzọ mpụgaNzọ na igbe ndị gbara grid gburugburu: dozen, column na nzọ ego hara nhata.Gụọ ya niile → fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị ka ha dị taa. Ọ bụ nkọwa zuru ezu mbụ, ọ bụkwalarị egwuregwu nke oge a. Palais-Royal bụ ngalaba ịgba nzọ nke Paris, nwere ikike ma na-akwụ ụtụ, ruo mgbe mmachibido nke 1837 chụgara egwuregwu ahụ n’obodo spa nke Germany.
Aha ahụ
Roulette pụtara “obere wiil” n’asụsụ French. A na-eji okwu ahụ maka egwuregwu wiil ndị ọzọ tupu ọ kwụsị n’elu nke a: iwu 1758 maka New France, mpaghara French dị n’akụkụ St Lawrence, machibidolarị “dice, hoca, faro na roulette”, dị ka Shelley (1988) kọrọ, n’ekwughị otú roulette ahụ dị. N’isi mmalite England mbụ, a na-akpọ egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ “roulet” ma ọ bụ kọwaa ya dị ka “French E.O.”. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1820, “roulette” pụtara otu egwuregwu kpọmkwem ebe niile na Europe.
Efu abụọ ahụ
Wiil Paris mbụ nwere ma 0 ma 00, nke nyere ụlọ uru nke 5.26% na wiil nwere oghere 38. Wiil otu efu bụ mkpebi azụmahịa nke ụmụnne Blanc na Bad Homburg na 1843, e mere iji dọta ndị egwuregwu si n’obodo spa ndị ọzọ na-asọ mpi. Wiil America debere efu abụọ ahụ n’ihi na egwuregwu ahụ eruolarị America tupu mgbanwe ahụ, ọ dịghịkwa onye nọ ebe ahụ nwere onye mmegide ọ ga-ebelata ọnụ ahịa. Ụfọdụ wiil America mbụ gara n’ihu karịa: otu mbadamba nzọ nke narị afọ nke 19 nwere naanị nọmba 1 ruo 28 ya na 0, 00 na ugo, kwụọ otu nọmba 27 maka 1, uru nke 12.90%, ma were 9.68% na columnnzọColumnNọmba iri na abụọ n’otu column kwụ ọtọ nke mbadamba nzọ, na-akwụ 2:1.Gụọ ya niile → na agba ya. O dighị adịgide.
Ihe mere o ji gbasaa
Roulette anaghị achọ nkà, na-edozi nzọ kwa nkeji, ma na-ekwe ka ọnụọgụ ndị egwuregwu ọ bụla gbaa nzọ n’otu oge megide ụlọ na-enweghị ike ịtụfu n’ogologo oge. Nye onye na-elekọta kasino, ọ bụ egwuregwu kacha mma: ọsọ ọsọ, dị mfe, nwere ike ịbawanye ma na-enye uru na ọnụego a maara. Nye gọọmentị, a na-atụ ya ụtụ. Egwuregwu ahụ sooro ego na ikike site na Paris gaa Homburg gaa Monaco gaa ebe niile.
Roulette Monte CarloMmekọrịta n’Ogologo Oge: Iwu Ọnụọgụ Buru Ibu na Roulette
Ihe na-agbanweghị
Mbadamba nzọ, ụgwọ (36/n − 1), usoro agba nke kwụ chịm na ọrụ onye na-agba wiil bụ otu ihe ahụ na nkọwa Lablée dị ka ọ dị na mgbasa ozugbo taa. Usoro nọmba wiil, deflectorngwa ọrụDeflectorOtu n’ime ihe mgbochi igwe dị na apron nke na-agbasa bọọlụ na-ada ada. A na-akpọkwa ya: canoe, diamond, pin.Gụọ ya niile → na fretngwa ọrụFretIhe nkewa igwe dị n’etiti oghere abụọ na wiil.Gụọ ya niile → dị ala bụ nkwalite narị afọ nke 19 megide ndị egwuregwu mụtara ile bọọlụ anya. Otu efu bụ naanị mgbanwe metụrụ odds aka, o mekwara ka ha ka mma.
Ajụjụ
Ọ nwalere wiil na-atụgharị n’afọ 1650 maka ihe ndị ọzọ. Ikwu na ọ bụ nke ya bụ ọdịnala, ọ bụghị ihe e dere n’akwụkwọ. Lee peeji ya.
Ọ nwere ikike na Palais-Royal ruo 1837, mgbe ahụ a machibidoro ya ruo 1907, mgbe e kwere kasino n’obodo spa na n’obodo dị n’akụkụ oké osimiri ọzọ.
Iji gbanwee agba n’usoro siri ike ma gbasaa elu/ala na odd/even. E dozirị usoro kpọmkwem ahụ na narị afọ nke 19, ọ gbanwebeghịkwa.
Egwuregwu Mgbakọ
Buru ụzọ nwaa ha n’onwe gị. A pịachiri azịza ọ bụla; meghee ya mgbe ị dị njikere.
Biribi kwụghachiri 64 maka 1 na otu nọmba n’ime 70, gụnyere ego nzọ: 63 ruo 1. Uru ole ka nke ahụ bụ? Ọ bụrụ na ọ nyere nzọ na nọmba abụọ, olee ụgwọegoỤgwọIhe nzọ meriri na-eweghachi, a na-ekwu ya dị ka “X ruo 1” na mgbakwunye ego nzọ e weghachiri.Gụọ ya niile → ga-edobe otu uru ahụ?
Gosi azịza ya
Azịza Uru ahụ bụ 6/70, 8.57%. Nzọ nọmba abụọ ga-akwụ 31 ruo 1, nọmba zuru oke.
Otu nọmba na-emeri otu ugboro n’ime ndọrọ 70 ma kwụọ 63 unitegoUnitEgo nzọ ntọala nke otu usoro ma ọ bụ onye egwuregwu na-eji arụ ọrụ. A na-akọwa usoro mmụba nzọ na unit ka ha metụta tebụl ọ bụla.Gụọ ya niile →; ndọrọ 69 ndị ọzọ na-atụfu 1: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, uru 8.57%. N’ikwu ya n’ụzọ ọzọ, ụlọ akụ ahụ na-akwụghachi 64 ebe egwuregwu ziri ezimgbakọEgwuregwu ziri eziEgwuregwu nke akụkụ ọ bụla na-enweghị uru: nzọ ọ bụla nwere uru a tụrụ anya nke efu.Gụọ ya niile → ga-akwụ 70.
Nzọ nọmba abụọ na x ruo 1 na-emeri ugboro abụọ n’ime ndọrọ 70: 2x unit e meriri megide 68 a tụfuru, uru a tụrụ anyamgbakọUru a tụrụ anyaNkezi nsonaazụ kwa nzọ n’ogologo oge. −1/37 nke ego nzọ maka nzọ Europe ọkọlọtọ ọ bụla.Gụọ ya niile → nke (2x − 68)/70. Mee ka 2x − 68 = −6: x = 31. Nke ahụ bụ 32 azụ maka 1, ọkara nke 64.
Ụgwọ Biribi na-agbaso 64/n azụ maka 1, 64 na-ekekọkwa ọkara nke ọma maka nọmba 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 na 32, ya mere nzọ ndị ahụ na-apụta zuru oke. 36 nke roulette na-ekewa site na 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 na 36, nke dabara mbadamba nzọngwa ọrụMbadamba nzọGrid ịgba nzọ e bipụtara na tebụl. A na-akpọkwa ya: tebụl, felt, ákwà.Gụọ ya niile → nwere ahịrị nke atọ.
Nọmba 70 nke Biribi, e debere n’ahịrị, hapụrụ ohere maka nzọ nọmba atọ anọ. Site n’iwu dị n’azụ uru 8.57% nke otu nọmba, gịnị ka nzọ nọmba atọ kwesịrị ịkwụ? Gịnị ka ụgwọ zuru oke kacha nso ga-efu?
Gosi azịza ya
Azịza 20⅓ ruo 1. Ịkwụ 20 ruo 1 ga-efu 10%; ịkwụ 21 ruo 1, 5.71%.
Iwu sitere n’ajụjụ dị n’elu: nzọ na nọmba n na-akwụghachi 64/n maka 1. Maka nọmba atọ, nke ahụ bụ 64/3 = 21⅓ azụ, ma ọ bụ 20⅓ ruo 1, nke chipegoChipIhe nnọchi anya ego a kara aka, a na-etinye na mbadamba nzọ iji gbaa nzọ. A na-akpọkwa ya: check.Gụọ ya niile → ọ bụla na-enweghị ike ịkwụ.
Nzọ nọmba atọ na x ruo 1 na-emeri ugboro 3 n’ime ndọrọ 70 ma tufuo ugboro 67: uru a tụrụ anya nke (3x − 67)/70. Na 20 ruo 1: −7/70, 10%. Na 21 ruo 1: −4/70, 5.71%.
Ịgbada site n’otu ụzọ n’ụzọ atọ nke unit na-efu onye egwuregwu ihe fọrọ obere ka ọ bụrụ pọint na ọkara; ịbulite na-enyeghachi ihe fọrọ obere ka ọ bụrụ pọint atọ. Iri atọ na isii, na ọtụtụ ihe na-ekewa ya, na-azọpụta roulette na nhọrọ ahụ na nzọ ọ bụla ma e wezụga nzọ nọmba ise nke America.
Wiil ugo nke narị afọ nke 19 nwere ogherengwa ọrụOghereOtu n’ime ebe 37 nwere nọmba dị na rotor. A na-akpọkwa ya: slot, cup.Gụọ ya niile → 31, 1 ruo 28 gbakwunyere 0, 00 na otu ugo, ọ na-akwụkwa 27 maka 1 na otu nọmba. Nzọ columnnzọColumnNọmba iri na abụọ n’otu column kwụ ọtọ nke mbadamba nzọ, na-akwụ 2:1.Gụọ ya niile → na agba ya na-efu 9.68%. Gịnị ka nzọ nọmba anọ kwesịrị ịkwụ, “maka 1”, ka o wee fuo otu ihe ahụ?
Gosi azịza ya
Azịza 7 maka 1, nke na-efu 3/31 = 9.68%.
Nzọ na-akwụ X maka 1 na-eweghachi X unit, gụnyere ego nzọ, mgbe o meriri. Nzọ nọmba anọ na-emeri ugboro 4 n’ime 31, ya mere ọ na-eweghachi 4X unit maka 31 ọ bụla a gbara na nzọ: uru a tụrụ anya nke (4X − 31)/31.
Na 7 maka 1, nke ahụ bụ −3/31, 9.68%, otu ihe ahụ dị ka column na agba. Na 8 maka 1, ọ ga-abụ +1/31, uru maka onye egwuregwu. Ya mere iwu wiil ugo ahụ bụ (28 − n)/n ruo 1, oghere ụlọ atọ n’ime 31.
Ihe ọchị
Wiil England, mbadamba nzọ Italy, aha French, efu abụọ.
Isi Mmalite
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, mbipụta nke 4.